Technical specification construction of 3311 kv primary sub. Role description for this use case network planner, company 1 builds a new substation person make studies of the line parameters to properly design the line. Technical specification construction of 3311 kv primary. The abcs of substation automation levels of substation automation substation integration and automation can be broken down into five levels. The new, improved technology can thus be implemented step by. Introduction in our present society that is greatly dependent on electric power, substation technology plays an important role in the stable and highquality transmission of electric energy. Scada allows operators and applications to issue commands to field equipment rtu, substation automation system, etc. The multilin d20mx supports a comprehensive set of security functions to allow a seamless integration with existing it department policies. Two events have created the need to explore the new approach. How the convergence of it and ot enables smart grid. These functions includes the triggering of a circuit breaker by protection device or tripping multiple breakers for a bus differential protection etc. Pdf green and sustainable power is the need of the day. Substations interconnect different voltage levels and are the critical link between transmission, distribution. These systems could not be sold in north america due to their complexity and cost, and the north american market being in the infancy of substation automation.
The type of equipment needed in the substation will depend upon the service. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off during normal operation by manual command and also automatically during abnormal. Vp construction and services, responsible for construction of all capital projects as directed by the respective asset managers. Reliability is improved because the number of unsupervised components, processes, apparatus, and. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. Pullman, wa usa abstract today, all utility users and manufacturers recognize the desire and the need to merge the communications capabilities of all ieds in a substation, or even across the entire power network. The ase 61850 suite is designed to meet all your iec 61850. To reach that goal, the functions of a substation are split into sub functions logical nodes, lns. This module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an.
Physically, all electric substations are comprised of a group of high voltage apparatus whose individual sizes depend on substation operation voltages, which is called the primary equipment, as well as by a lot of low voltage smaller components, which as a whole are. The growth of ot deployment has lead to the development of a. Sep 16, 2012 substation equipment and its function. A substation is a highvoltage electric system facility. An iec 61850 process bus solution process bus solution. Customer substation manual 6272019 preface page 8 of 82 010. We have to merge the long life requirement and the low cost advantages of mass production products into applicable solutions for substation automation. A multistage expansion planning method for optimal. These functions are used to submit the control commands for the primary equipment circuit breakers and collect the substation data like voltage, current, power factor etc. Distributed energy resources ders and their impact on.
As described above, each bay includes one primary equipment such as transformers, feeders etc. In this process the power of powerful empires are expected to increase and the power of weaker ones are decreased. Cost savings are often derived through the synergies of combining upper level management, various corporate functions, and certain central support services. Substation is integral part of a power system and form important links between the generating station, transmission systems, distribution systems and the load points. Developments of power system protection and control. Reliability and security technical committee meeting. Components and substations for electrical transmission and. This is followed by the description of the functions typically performed by substation automation systems, including. Vp regulation and commercial, direct areas pertaining to regulation and industry policy for national. Process bus solution an iec 61850 process bus solution substation. In practicality, many utilities around the world dont operate their t ransmission networks, and as such the appearance of iec 61850 on the distribution network. The electronic modules are an integral part of the substation automation system sas that interface with the baylevel equipment using a proprietary fibre optic process bus. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Substation merging unit smu615 product guide abb group.
Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Substation automation development images from industrial ethernet book, christoph brunner. Substation equipment an overview sciencedirect topics. Functionality and practical implementation dave dolezilek schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Significant substation communication standardization. This first generation of equipment was gradually replaced by analog electronic equipment, most of which emulated the single function approach of their. The iec 61850 standard stipulates the substation configuration description language scl file as a means to define the substation equipment, ied function and also the communication mechanism for. All errors and problems encountered will also be documented and if they are resolved i. Substation automation systems make their control and. The electrical substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high for transmission, distribution, transformation and switching. Works within the planning department at the isc iso. Ieds are a key component of substation integration and automation technology. Electrical substation equipment for transferring of electrical power from generating unit to distributing units various types of electrical equipment are required. Ppt on substation equipments authorstream presentation.
The specifications are determined between the substation equipment and insulator manufacturers. However, to prioritize traffic at the egress, priority queuing is. The equipment like bus bars, isolator, power transformer etc. Requirements and functions of substation automation. These paragraphs from substation automation systems design and implementation book by evelio padilla, may give you the answer. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. I will document my procedures for establishing the connections and when testing basic but vital functions like alarms, clock synchronization etc. Utilityscale solar power plant design fundamentals february 22 23, 2017 nashville, tn page 6 learning outcomes attendees will cover materials and engage in discussions that will allow them to. Abstractthis paper analyzes the sampled value sv process bus concept that was recently introduced by the iec. How the convergence of it and ot enables smart grid development. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. A multistage expansion planning method for optimal substation placement 67 fig. The choice of these functions depends on their point of application and requirements. The modularity of the product and the intermodule compatibility is key to the future success.
Design and implementation of an iec 61850 gateway for plc. No big surprise that the recently adopted worldwide standard iec 61850 for substation communication uses ethernet for layers one and two. Introduction and scope 4 challenges with introducing substation automation 5 primary equipment in substations 6 the functions of substation automation 7 substation automation structure 8 substation automation architectures 9 asset. Create an egress traffic policy to apply qos functions like queuing, policing, and shaping. Other requirements to make this concept possible are assumption that substation data are collected automatically and integrated into substation database with system configuration data. Aug 19, 2010 substation, its function and types an electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. Integrity technique for software maintenance management in distributed industrial control systems. Recommended practice for data communications between remote terminal units and intelligent electronic devices in a substation referencing dnp3 and iec 608705. Pdf development of an electrical substation equipment.
Substation integration involves integrating protection, control, and data acquisition functions into a minimal number of platforms to reduce capital and operating costs, reduce panel and control room space, and eliminate redundant equipment and databases. Substation, switchgear and equipment maintenance and testing. In 1995, iec commissioned a new project, 61850, to define the next generation of standardized. Failure mode and effects analysis for each selected component, determination of. Finally weak empires lose their power and ultimately collapse. Substation automation includes a complete range of flexible object terminals, including all necessary functions for substation control and substation monitoring systems. The power transformer, circuit breaker, busbar, insulator, lightning arrester are the main components of an electrical substation. Links different ieds and their logical functions to singe line.
In the fault situations the electric apparatus and systems become dangerous to humans. This high voltage is very dangerous to the instruments used in the substation. Iec 6185092 process bus and its impact on power system protection and control reliability veselin skendzic, ian ender, and greg zweigle, schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Iec 6185092 process bus and its impact on power system. Moving from conventional to intelligent substations texas instruments.
Smart grid substation test equipment,gf4600 iec61850. Winterization enhance the process and communications. Within a high security substation building lsf cables may be specified both within and between equipment. Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. The reason for their consideration in a new data integration and information exchange approach is their importance and practical consequence in a modern monitoring, control, and protection system. Substation automation configuration substation automation systems can have several 10s to 100 different programmable devices. The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers.
We supply the ge d20d substation rtugateway which is based on legacy equipment that has been successfully deployed worldwide. Dolezilek schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Creepage distance is the shortest distance between two conducting points along the surface of the insulating. Advances in substation equipment technology have led to increased unit capacity, smaller size, and environmental preservation. Switzerland introduction the more than 4000 substation automation sa systems installed worldwide are proof of the acceptance of such systems and the appreciation of their benefits by the utilities and. Ac power is required for substation building small power, lighting, heating and ventilation, some communications equipment, switchgear operating mechanisms, anticondensation heaters and motors. Current transformer when current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer is used. The developed applications for processing data from dfr digital fault recorder analysisdfra. Figure 10 gives an overview of the functions and associated inputs of a merging unit. Substation automation local area network and security. Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component.
Historically, substation protection, metering and control functions were performed with electromechanical equipment. Significant substation communication standardization developments eric udren cutlerhammer. Integrity technique for software maintenance management in. Overcoming urban power distribution challenges with. Transmission november 1, 2006 senior vp us transmission, has primary responsibility for the overall planning, operations and control of the transmission system. Integration of protection, control, and data acquisition functions into a minimal number of platforms to reduce capital and operating costs, reduce panel and control room space, and eliminate redundant equipment and databases. Deployment of substation and feeder operating functions and applica. If the process layer device has the status monitoring function, the monitored status information is. Iec 61850 identifies all the known functions in a substation automation system and splits them into sub functions or so called logical nodes. Substations equipment maintenance electric power systems. Electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b. Pin insulators post insulators strain insulators suspension insulators hallow apparatus insulators deadend insulators solid core insulators what is creepage distance. Significant substation communication standardization developments.
Supply of electric power to different consumers is done at low voltage level. Core components of iec 61850 an object model describing the information available from the different primary equipment and from the substation automation functions abstract definitions of services, data and common data class, independent of underlying protocols a specification of the communication between the ieds of the substation. As utilities merge with larger networked areas, there is more instrumentation in pow. A wide variety of proven equipment and experienced engineers are available. Smart grid substation test equipment,gf4600 iec61850 protocol analyzer for 61850 software testing, find complete details about smart grid substation test equipment,gf4600 iec61850 protocol analyzer for 61850 software testing,iec 61850 protocol analyzer,iec 61850 scl checker,substation test from testing equipment supplier or manufacturerbeijing gfuve electronics co. Packet loss is a common phenomenon and plays a crucial role in the. A merging unit converts the instrument transformer outputs to a. The term secondary technology covers all the individual components that make up the protection, control and measuring equipment. Open terminal substation control cables are usually multicore 6001,000 v pvcinsulated copper conductor types laid in concrete troughs from the substation control building to the switchgear. For example, to restrict traffic at an ingress interface, policing should be used.
Some of this technology represents stepwise enhancements to familiar equipment, while other devices represent functional leaps that require new ways of thinking. A logical node is a subfunction located in a physical node, which exchanges data with other separate logical entities. Our engineers have completed substation testing and maintenance including power transformers, switchgear from 600 v to 35 kv, overhead and industrial switches, reclosers, relays, breakers and regulators for over 20 different utilities and industrial customers. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss into substation equipment systems. At the end of the day, ethernet enables us to merge industrial, power and office communication together. Recognize all plants are a unique design, face different weather.
The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Basic substation configurations and the components. The substation construction manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but. In iec 61850, all logical nodes have been grouped according to their most common. Merging the temporal and spatial aspects of data and. Before embarking on determining substation reliability indices, it is helpful to be familiar with some of the common substation layouts and their corresponding names. Simple models then can be developed to combine the probabilities of failure of. Substation control an overview sciencedirect topics. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. The lowest level is the power system equipment, such as transformers and circuit breakers. Have trainees practice joining cable tray sections.
Substation equipment and its function 2 slideshare. Commissioning process for new substation equipmenthayes. It also is used to change ac voltages from one level to another, and or change alternating current to direct current or direct current to alternating current. Engineers who need a comprehensive understanding of the design concepts and methods used in protecting highvoltage electrical substation bus and power transformers should take this course.
Epri had recognized the importance of tying substation control equipment and power apparatus into the uca scheme, but had not defined a particular. In addition to their primary functions, microprocessorbased relays also test their own performance, communications connections, and the equipment that they are monitoring. Ase 61850 scl manager substation configuration engineering management ase 61850 scl manager is a vendor agnostic, comprehensive graphical tool that allows the user to create, configure, view and edit all substation elements, and its data models specified in the iec 61850 substation configuration language specification. Maintenance optimization for substations with aging equipment. System identification and the listing of critical components and their functions. Dec 31, 2015 what are different insulators employed in substations. Consider also that systems from separate vendors often are used. The data from one or more than one bay is used to make decisions to ensure security of the substation and grid. Main tasks associated with major substations in the transmission and ditribution system include following.
The smart substation should make full use of advanced technologies, such as big data, mobile interconnection, artificial intelligence, and image recognition, to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of substation equipment in the mode of highest efficiency and lowest cost, with the functions of. It is used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. Apr 02, 2016 kel37 page 2 substation equipments and its function distribution system the major function of distribution system is to provide power to individual consumer requirement.
All of the building blocks are based on state of the art numerical technology, compatible with conventional equipment. Prot 411 provides an indepth study of the methods used in designing protection for highvoltage power transformer protection and substation bus protection. The communication between circuit breakers, autoreclosers and sectionalizing switches in the primary and secondary distribution circuits located in the field and the pc in distribution substation control room is through. Certain configurations may be more suited to a specific task, so the equipment in each type of substation may vary, but.
Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Some of the insulators employed in substations are. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal construction delivery mode. Gasinsula ted subst a tions intelligent gis primary. Substation interview questions answers engineering tutorial. Iec 61850 includes, as part of the standard itself, a section on conformance testing procedures. Emerging technologies and future trends in substation. Needs to clearly limit the scope of the avr protective functions to those elements that open a breaker directly or via lockout or tripping auxiliary relays. This software is of modular design, which facilitates addition of new functions.
There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. The result is the current iec 61850 specifications. This white paper will outline four special challenges faced by. The key element in the proposed system is the wide area realtime protection and control information platform, which not only enables the merger of three lines of defence for power system protection and control, but also provides a perfect tool for the application of cloud computing in substations and power networks. Protection systems associated with avr protective functions. Substation automation based on iec 61850 with new process. Dc power is used to feed essential services such as circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays, supervisory control and data acquisition scada.